Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process that affects large and medium-sized arteries, characterized by the presence of diffuse fibrofatty lesions of the middle intima. A disease linked to industrialization, urbanization and lifestyle, atherosclerosis is the result of hyperlipidemia and lipid oxidation and has historically been a major cause of mortality in developed countries. The biology of atherosclerosis comes full circle: lessons for overcoming cardiovascular disease. Peter Libby. Nature Reviews 683-684, 2021, This review discusses recent research that has transformed our understanding of the biology of atherosclerosis and examines its implications for atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the large arteries that is the main cause of cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular disease. , and a stroke. Here we review the current understanding of molecular biology. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of large and medium-sized arteries, caused by lipids, which affects every human being and progresses slowly. Genetic information is not integrated into the cellular biology of atherosclerosis. In pursuing the biological implications of emerging genetic findings, first, at the preclinical level, the lesion itself can be monitored more directly in autopsy studies or else by high-resolution imaging of lesion size in the living person. 1, secondly, when the disease has progressed to the point where the consequences of atherosclerosis and its complications are clinically manifested. Summary. Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of cardiovascular disease, is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by immunocompetent cells in lesions producing primarily pro-inflammatory cytokines. Dead cells and oxidized forms of low-density lipoprotein oxLDL are abundant. The main direct cause of cardiovascular disease appears to be rupture. An overview of the immune cells involved in atherosclerosis is provided, as well as the important challenges that must be addressed to advance the field and for successful clinical application, including patient selection, identification of responders. and non-responders to immunotherapies, implementation of immunophenotyping of patients and coronary heart disease. Since its inception, articles published in Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, ATVB have contributed to our understanding of CHD and its various complex pathophysiological processes. Here we review articles related to coronary artery disease published in Not only do patients with hemochromatosis and Wilson's disease not have a higher risk of atherosclerosis, but epidemiological studies have also reported inconclusive results in regarding the relationship between plasma iron levels and atherosclerosis. Therefore, further studies are needed to elucidate the actual mechanism of the transition,